Shrimp

• Shrimp is the world's most sought-after seafood commodity.
• Developing nations supply some 90% of the shrimp consumed in developed countries, to the tune of US$8 billion a year. As a result, the jobs of hundreds of thousands of people in the developing world depend on shrimp.
• But the sector is also one of the world's most wasteful fisheries.
• In some places, for every kilo of shrimp that fishermen catch as much as 20 kilos of accidentally netted marine animals are tossed back overboard to die.
• Generally, eight percent of all fish caught -- just over 7 million tons -- are discarded this way each year, FAO estimates. Of that total, tropical shrimp trawl fisheries have the highest "discard" rate, accounting for 27 percent of the waste -- 1.8 million tonnes of it.
• FAO is providing technical assistance to help fishermen modify their trawls and equipment and is holding workshops to train them in their proper use and to discuss changes in fishing techniques that can also help.
  
  Sort out the shrimp. Shrimp trawlers discard 62 percent of their total catch, on average.
  
  
  FAO is helping shrimp fishermen use new technology to cut down on wasteful by-catch.

Dead stock and offal disposal

• Fresh offal contains a number of harmful organisms, chemicals and bacteria which can have a serious impact on human and stock health as well as the environment. Stock and offal disposal require good management in order to reduce its impacts.
• Comparing stock disposal options:
  

  Disposal options	Advantages	Disadvantages
  Off-farm rendering	Unlikely to have adverse effects on the environment No risk of on-farm contamination from carcasses Only available in some areas Requires an area for secure storing of carcasses before pick-up May be costly
  Composting	Useful product generated Reuses other farm resources such as calf-shed sawdust High composting temperature destroys pathogens and prevents fly incubation	A reliable supply of carbon source (e.g. sawdust) is required Requires understanding of composting Predator and vermin control can be challenging Finished compost must not be spread on pasture grazed by stock
  Offal pits	Simple Cost effect Easy to manage	Seepage can contaminate groundwater Predator and vermin control is required Increasing restrictions on use
  Burial	Simple Cost-effective	Requires vermin control Labour intensive Can contaminate groundwater
  Incineration	Carcasses are destroyed quickly Any pathogens present are destroyed	May cause odour and smoke nuisance Transport and cremation costs are incurred for off-farm incineration

(Source: http://ecan.govt.nz/advice/your-business/farming/Pages/dead-stock-offal-disposal.aspx#comparing-stock-disposal-options)

Rendering

• Rendering is a process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, value-added materials.
• Only about 50% of a cow, 60% of a pig, 72% of a chicken, and 78% of a turkey actually end up in the supermarket, a safe method of by-product disposal is vital for disease prevention in both animals and humans.
• Animal by-products are collected from butcher shops, restaurants, supermarkets, farmers, abattoirs and other operations to be processed under high temperatures in order to remove water and to eliminate bacteria.
• Modern rendering plants use automated continuous systems which breaks down the material to its base elements; protein, minerals, water and fat.
• The resulting finished products are then either returned to the agricultural chain in the form of feed supplements or used in industrial and consumer products.

Other disposal options:

• incineration
• composting
• biogas digestion
• pet food or food for hunt kennels and zoo animals at approved premises

GOV.UK

• There are Regulations affecting food retailers, distributors or manufacturers (and in certain circumstances caterers) that, in the course of their business, are left with food material consisting of or containing products originating from animals that are no longer intended for human consumption (for example, raw meat or fish past its use-by date, milk and milk products, and eggs and egg products).
• The flow chart below will help you decide how to dispose of your food waste: